ISCOMs/MPLA adjuvanted SDAD protein nanoparticles induce improved immune responses and cross-protection in mice

Abstract The development of a universal influenza vaccine to protect against variants will be the priority goal in combating virus infection. In this study, we exploited novel type protein nanoparticles consisting NP as core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins coating antigens by using an SDAD heterobifunctional crosslinker. Intramuscular immunization NP/NA-M2e (core/shell) induced increased humoral cellular immune responses. ISCOMs/MPLA adjuvants further improved nanoparticle immunogenicity elicited stronger reactions conferring protection different viral challenges. were delivered through intranasal route determine application mucosal vaccine. While alone barely response after immunization, adjuvanted strengthened antigens-specific antibodies responses, responses higher levels IgA. Meanwhile, lung Trm, Brm , alveolar macrophages, observed from group. Only mice intranasally vaccinated with fully survived during infections, better efficacy was when compared other adjuvants. Our results emphasized importance supplementing appropriate improve vaccines immunization. conclusion, adjuvant combination could significantly protective efficiency routes.